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Glen Rein, Ph.D.
Quantum Biology Research Lab
Northport, NY
Information content associated with both classical and non-classical (subtle, non-Hertzian, scalar) electromagnetic energy can be stored in physical objects. These objects include water (Rein, 1992, Schwartz, 1991), geometric patterns (Rein, 1997), electronic circuits (Dibble and Tiller, 1999) and even paper (Omura, 1990). For water and electronic circuits, preliminary evidence suggests that the stored information can be subsequently retrieved or utilized by biological systems, thereby producing a biological effect. In this sense these objects have a memory of the information stored within them. Although long-term storage of information in physical objects is considered an anomaly in the eyes of traditional science, it has been demonstrated experimentally.
The author's own research in this area has demonstrated that subtle energy generated from "free energy" devices and those associated with human intention can be stored in water for several months if the optical properties of water are measured using a special form of ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy (Rein, 1992). Furthermore, the stored energy is biologically active when the water is exposed to a variety of biological systems (Gagnon and Rein, 1990). One of the biological targets used in these studies was the DNA molecule. In addition to these responses to stored or imprinted energy, DNA has been shown to act as an antenna for other forms of subtle energy (Rein, 1994a, 1996, 1997). Thus, it has been discovered that in addition to classical EM fields (Semin, 1995), subtle energy resonates with the DNA molecule and causes physical changes in its secondary structure (winding and unwinding of the helix).
In order to measure biological effects of subtle energy, a relatively high degree of coupling or resonance between the energy and the matter (bio-molecules) is required. The specific experimental conditions required for such resonance depends on the nature of the subtle energy involved, as well as the properties of the biomolecule and its aqueous environment. It is predicted that biological systems expressing quantum properties (macroscopic quantum coherence) are most likely to resonate with subtle energy. In addition to its known sensitivity to subtle energy, DNA was chosen for these experiments since it exhibits quantum coherence (Popponin, 1998).
The experimental methodology used in this study involves measuring the recovery of DNA after heat shock. Heat and other noxious stimuli like heavy metals are known to break the hydrogen bonds, which hold the two strands of the DNA helix together. Thus these harmful agents cause the two strands to unwind. In the case of heat shock it is well known that as the DNA cools it recovers and spontaneously rewinds back into its original helical conformation (Thomas, 1954). The rewinding is a natural recovery process that involves reforming hydrogen bonds. Since the quantum properties of the hydrogen bond have been previously established, it can be concluded that this assay is measuring the quantum properties of DNA.
The recovery process can be monitored using an absorption spectrophotometer, which can measure the amount of rewinding as a function of time. This is a standard method in the biochemistry literature for measuring the secondary structure of DNA (Thomas, 1954). The rewinding slope is negative (downward) because as the DNA rewinds it absorbs less light. The larger the negative number of the slope, the faster is the recovery.
The exact protocol that was followed is confidential, but generally speaking it involved heating a diluted solution of human placental DNA (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis). Immediately after heat treatment, the DNA was gently transferred to a quartz cuvette and then placed in the cuvette holder inside the spectrophotometer. For all experiments, after heat shock, the conformation of DNA was automatically measured every 60 seconds over the course of one hour, as the absorption of UV light at 260nm. Absorption of light was measured using a UV-visible diode array spectrophotometer (Hewlett Packard 8451A). In order to quantify the speed of recovery, the slopes of the rewinding curves were calculated using the IBM Excel software. For the data presented in Figures 1-3 only a portion of the entire recovery curve was analyzed. The light gray line in these figures is the raw absorption data collected by the spectrophotometer, whereas the solid black line is the computer generated best-fit calculation of the slope (r2). For experiments with heavy metals, the slope was calculated for each separate experiment and then compared statistically using a two sample t-test (assuming equal variance).
DNA recovery to heat shock was measured:
The recovery curve in Figure 1A is a typical curve when DNA is suspended in water and left to spontaneously rewind. When the DNA was placed on the Aulterra powder for one day and then measured, there was no change in the recovery curve. However, after 3, 4 or 5 days of exposure to the energy from the powder, a rather interesting recovery curve is obtained (Figure 1B). Instead of a smooth and gradual rewinding process, the recovery curve is oscillatory in nature. This means that the DNA rewinds, then unwinds a little, then continues to rewind and continues to go through cycles of winding and unwinding. This oscillatory behavior is a characteristic of quantum coherence which has been observed in other systems (Hideshima, 1990; Dibble and Tiller,1999).
Thus, it can be concluded that the energy from Aulterra induces quantum behavior in DNA which is expressed as oscillatory behavior.
It is interesting to note that in the case of Tiller's experiments, oscillatory behavior of water was induced by human intention associated with healing states of consciousness. Healing states of consciousness are known to be associated with coherent oscillatory EEG patterns (Schwartz and Russek, 1997). Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the energy from healers could effect the conformation of DNA only when the electrical activity of their ECG exhibited such oscillatory behavior (Rein and McCraty, 1994b).
Thus, by inference the energy emitted from the Aulterra powder may be similar to the energies associated with healers.
Copper (Cu(II)) was chosen as a representative heavy metal because the biological action of copper is mediated by binding to DNA and causing it to unwind (Sagripanti, 1991). A series of experiments were done to determine the appropriate concentration of copper, i.e. a high enough concentration that would produce a measurable effect on DNA but not too high to totally overload the system. It was predicted that the ability of the energy from Aulterra's powder to neutralize the toxic effect of copper would be minimized at higher concentrations of copper. Based on the literature a concentration of 1mM was initially tested. In order to determine the effect of copper the slope of the recovery curves needed to be analyzed first in the absence of any heavy metals. The normal recovery rate was determined in six separate experiments with the average value for the slope of -0.813 ± 0.06. The recovery rate was then measured in four separate experiments when DNA was exposed to 1mM copper for 2 days. The average slope was dramatically reduced to -0.023 ± 0.015. These results are presented in Figure 2 for two typical experiments with and without copper. Preliminary experiments were conducted to determine whether this large effect of copper on DNA recovery rates could be neutralized if the DNA was placed on top of the Aulterra powder while being exposed to the copper. After two days the average slope was -0.011, which is not much different than -0.023 (both giving around 98% inhibition) indicating that the energy from the Aulterra powder did not neutralize the damaging effect of the copper. However, after three days the slope was -0.28 (66% inhibition) and after four days the slope was -0.36 (55% inhibition), rapidly approaching the -0.81 value for the slope in the absence of copper. These results demonstrate that the energy from the Aulterra powder does in fact partially neutralize the toxic effect of copper by reducing the 97% inhibition (with no energy) to 55% in the presence of energy. The effect appears to be linear with time indicating that the longer the DNA was exposed to the energy, the larger its neutralizing ability. The results were encouraging but only revealed a partial protection from copper when used at 1mM concentrations.
It is possible that only partial protection occurred because the concentration of the toxin was too high. Therefore, these experiments were repeated with a lower dose of copper, 0.5mM. Based on the previous experiments, it was predicted that a neutralizing effect of the low concentration of copper would be seen after only two days. Therefore, twelve separate experiments were done with DNA exposed to 0.5mM copper in the presence and absence of energy from Aulterra powder (Table 1). In this case the copper alone caused an 86% inhibition of DNA recovery, giving an average slope value of -0.11 ± 0.25. In the presence of the energy from the Aulterra powder, this effect was reduced to only 36%, giving an average slope of -0.52± 0.18. Typical experiments for each of these conditions are shown in Figure 3. The raw data from each of the 12 separate experiments is shown in Table 1. Statistical comparison of the last two numbers reveals a highly significant difference (p=0.01).
These results, taken together with the previous results using higher concentrations of copper (Table 2), clearly demonstrate the ability of the energy from Aulterra's powder to neutralize the toxic effect of copper.
Raw data from six experiments showing R2 slope values for slope calculated by computer. |
Control water used to make the homeopathic preparation showed similar behavior to that previously observed with deionized water. Preliminary experiments indicated that, depending on the experiment, several different types of responses were observed in DNA exposed to the homeopathic preparation. Sometimes the recovery would initially appear normal (a steady decrease) but after approximately 20 minutes the DNA would stop rewinding and begin the slowly unwind (positive slope). In other cases it would stop rewinding and remain stationary, i.e. didn't continue to wind or unwind (flat slope). In other cases oscillatory behavior was observed very similar to that observed when the DNA was placed on the powder (see Figure 1B).
This oscillatory behavior may be a characteristic response of DNA to Aulterra's energy, whether it be radiating from a powder or "read" by the DNA from information in imprinted water.
The non-reproducibility of the phenomenon in regards to the homeopathic preparation is likely to be due to the fact that the resonant conditions have not yet been found experimentally. It is predicted that under the correct resonance conditions, the oscillatory behavior will be more reproducible.